′?′?1é1ú￡?°￠í￥12?éá?°???è????ò?￡?ò??á?á???è??￠ì???èa￡¨μú?t?úè￥μ?￡?é?3¤1üàí￡?￡????￡·?￡¨éíê?o?￡?ò2ê?μú?t?úμ?￡?oío?ìú￡???óàμ?￡???°2???ú?ù?e?á1¤×÷á??￡o?ìúê?°￠í￥μ?μ?á|?úê???ò?￡?±?2??é?ü?é???ò?￡μ?ê?￡??aá???oa?ú?à?aè?μ??D??±èày￡?o?ìúêü?ü×é?ˉá?′ó?ú?aòá????íμ?é?à1ú?￡???°?y±??à·?′óá|í¨???D￡???1úà′ê?±ü±ü·?í·?￡?ê3?￡??ò?é??è￥á?ì????í?????1ì1òòóà??μ???ê§?ú?D1ú?÷±±μ??￡?￡é3???D?￡??à′ò?oó￡??ò±??é??×é?ˉá????鱨í?￡??ò??ìá1???￡?è?òa×??oè￥?ò?￡o?ìú2??o?úí?￡????ùòà*?ù?e?á×é?ˉá?ò????éé￠μ??鱨í???￡?2￠?ú°2?ì?¨á???D?D?μ??鱨í????￡
?ú?ò???μD??üμ?í?ê±￡?ì???èaò??òμ???ò??òá?ò??é??μ?￡???°ùèyê??à??￡?ê?2?êêo?????μ?????μ??￡ì???èa′òá????ú??￡??òó?′?è??ú′???DDá?ò???°???μ?íá1¤?μá·￡?2éó???1à????￡?1à?è?′??￡?????3yà?￡?oü?ì?í??????á?3é?éò?????μ?á?ì??￡????????μ?μ?·?￡??ùí¨1y??μ?3y???￠??oμ??×÷￡???ò?2???àí?￡?μ°×á?￡??òòa?¨μ?￡??íê???ò????3?a?÷μ???×ˉ?￡?ò??μ?oóà′óDò??????3·?·¨￡?′ó??ê?￡?ó?á?ê3?e??￡?ó????????í￡?ó??íêo?1?|￡?ó??|êo??ó?￡?ó?ìá?à·êì??￡??2??é?ü?e3éê2?′o???￡????ê2?DD￡?1¤ò?é??2??ò?μ??ù￡?2?ì?2?ò2?íDDá??￡3yá???μ?D??ó￡??ù??é?D??ùó??×?￠ìe??á??￠×??¨üù?T?￠oú?ó2Y￡???á?ò2?í2?2??àá??￡?ùê1ó????ò·ê?￠?ó??￡?ê1?????1ì?￡???ó?á???￡????ó??2ú?￡??è?￡??12??üêμ???úDμ?ˉ￡?μ?ê1ó?Dóá|oí?è?????ú??￡??1ê???′óμ?ìá??á?D§?ê￡??μμíá?àí?ˉ???è?￡′?ía￡??ùòy??D??ùoéà??ì?￡ê2?′μ??￡
?aD?ê??é￡??òò2ê???±??μ?μ￡???ê?é?μ?ê?￡???ê?èè????D￡ìá1??§3??￡
èè????D￡ê??ù?e?áìá1?×ê?e￡??úá??ê?°3éá￠μ?￡??÷òa??μ?ê??à????òμ??ê?è?2?￡????°??′ú??òμ??ê?￡?2￠??DD?ó??ê??é￡??àóyá???￡??D?????á?°???3??ê??￡??D￡?§?????ê￡??aê??§?ó·?￡?2￠ìá1?2?·?21?ú?e￡????ò×óμü?à?ó?§ó?′??￡???ú?1??óD±?òμéú￡??′ê1óDá?±?òμè??±￡??à°?ò2?áòò??D?oíá?o?μ??·?3??á??ú??D￡×÷à?ê|￡?×??D???????òê?óD????μ??￡??D￡μ???ótD￡3¤ê?ò|óà??￡?°2????μè?§ì?×ü?ì?°?￡
1aD÷?tê????ê￡¨1903?ê￡?￡???í￠êμDD2?±??óa??￡D??üμ??üa?ê??a?ùμ?￡??y±???a??ó?á4á?5??￡??±±???a??ó?á4á?2??￡?±?21±???a??ó?á3á?3???￡?y±?￡o?±±??a1￡o2￡?±?21±???°àò?è??￡°à?￠??3¤????ê???á?￡??ó1ù?tê??à￡?1ü′?èyê???á??￡D-í3?ü??ê?á?￡??òê?áùê?á??￡??±?oí?ú±???6á?￡?1ü′?ò?é??1óDò??¨μ??-·??éò??§3??￡μ??T??è?o?￡??íê?2?1??¨?￡???ò￡??üa??12?ê?ê?×?·￠·??￡°′?°á·±?′|??3ì￡??ü1ù°?3é?￠?ü×???3é?￠êeàíáù3é?a?§?￡
?ò??á???￡??í???ò2?3?2?oè￡?·ê?ê1y?ú1yéúè?￡??òò??ê2?′?à?ò??§??°ùá?￡?ê?????2?1??¨?￡??1???ê??-???????ì·′μ?è????????áì°???üa??￡?ùò?￡????ê3yá??òμ?éúè?￡??òò???2????í?￡?ò1yéúè?ê±￡??òò?·???μ?à?ò22?ê?￡?×??oìíò?°ùá?ò?×ó￡??òé?ò??tê??úéú?í￡???è?±êμ?è?3??ù·1￡??ü1ù??ò??e￡?′ó?òoèí????￡??ê3·?ò?°?ê???è?????1.5~2á?ò?×ó￡??ò??ê?ò?á?°?￡?μ??òò?·?2?ì°￡??ò?ü?D3?μ?ê???á?￡???ìì?1óDèyá?èa￡??|??ó?μ°??oü3￡???￡
°??êoó￡???×ˉè????o?eD??üμ???ê3￡??ò??ò?2???é?á?D??ü??ê3?￡?òó??aá?×ù???￥￡?????ò2?üóD???§á?μ?ê?ò?￡??ò????ê3·?μ??μμ?ò?á?￡?ê?±???è???????ê￡?tá?￡?èy°ù?ü1ù??è?ò2?üμ?μ??àμ±?üa?ò?°?μ?·?oì?￡￡¨óaò??ê￡??ò??ê3·??ó?÷D?μ?ê?èy??￡??ü1ù?éò?μ?μ?μ?·?oìò23?1y?üa?á??￡￡?
ê?±??§?áá?D′D?￡???è???·aD?à???óD±e×?￡??ü1ùò2???ü?′??μ?í?￡?éùêy?ü1ù?ü?úé3?ìé?×÷??2?′íμ????ó?￡?-1yè?′???á|￡??òò??-3é1|μ??ú2??óà??¨á￠?eá?ítD?????ò??????|￡??ò?μá???êy?￡?üê?2?o???￡?óDòì?ùD?ê?μ?è?￡??ú?aà?′y2?×?￡?òa?óì?????￡?1???ì????????òμ?μ×°?1?×áì????·×?á?￡??a?ò??ê?±±?óμ?è??￡?ò?ú?ü?D???1ì?·￡￡?????μ??μá·oí??±?×?ò??￡?òò??-ê1?ü?D??ê?3?2??óêüá??°?üè?μ?ìì?°ê?·t′ó?üá??±￡?ê￡???íê?1?1ìá??￡?ü?D?üò?ì?éù￡??ò?ú?μá·?D?1?óè?á?°ü?úoí?±?è?μá·￡?2￠1o??á?±á′?oíò?????????óD??°×ò?μ?￡??a?e′ˉò??êá?ò22?á?μ??ù?￡
1aD÷èyê?ò??ê￡¨1905￡???￡?1ü′?í?μà?ú?êí?μèêyá?μ?D??ü￡??ú?Y?°?D?é??à???μ?????±?á·?üóa?÷à￡?￡2???￡???±?á·?ü?§ì?í￡°ì?????aò?í￡°ì￡?ó??ò?T1??￡?÷òaê?óéóúμ±ê±3??ù?|áìμ?μ??§éú?????????°μ?×è?í???±???ˉ￡??ú°2??2úéúoü′óμ?ó°?ì?￡??è?￡??????ˉ±??ò?1á?￡?μ?·′?????ü????è′?ú?§éú?D??óDêD3??￡??ìì￡?3??ù?|áìμ?μ????ü×é?ˉ?°?àí??á?±3éá￠￡???±??§ì?μ??§éú?àêy??2??óá??￡′ó??￡?òy?eá?°2???2?§3???μ??ˉ??￡?????±?á·?ü?§ì?í￡°ì?￡?ùò?￡??aò?í￡°ì￡?ó?D??ü??óDê2?′1??μ?￡
1aD÷èyê?ò??ê￡¨1905￡???￡????a?×ùéμü×óá???éùà′?ü?D×???ê??ì1ù?￡?μ??êμ?ú?°￡??aê±′úá·??μ?è?oü?à￡?D??ü???Dò2óD2?éù?￡???Tμúò?￡????Tμú?t?￡???a?×??è???éù?ìáá￡?ò2?1ê?óDè?2?·t?￡?a??×?è??TD??ò?àê?￡????a?×oáé¨è??ü￡??TóDμDê??￡
°￠í￥?ú1905?êoü2??úòa￡??ú?3??í3??é?￡??à1úè·êμ??2?è?ó￠1ú?￡1894?ê￡??à1ú?èê1???t?????????T??à′?à?a1¤±￡?¤?￠?à?aè?ì????·￡?éù3?±￡?¤?￠?à?a?è￡?êμ?êê?ê1?à1úDD??ò???μ??T???a1¤?￠??êó?°′y?aè?μ?×?·¨??ì??ˉ?￠o?·¨?ˉ?￡1aD÷èyê??ê?°?????±ê??ê?ú?ú￡??à1ú?t???ü???D1úDT??òa?ó￡??′òa?ìD?±￡3??-??￡??ì?¤?e?D1úè???μ???′ó·????￡?a?íê??°μ????à?????ˉ?±μ??′óé￡?????￡??à1úμ?D??óò????§?é?￡
ò2?T1?°￠í￥à′D??μ￡?￡¨?à1ú￡?1ú???oà???ê?°×3??￡?÷?÷ê?????·???óDo?′|μ?ê?￡?????°ì3é?a?ù?￡?a?tê????a?′?ù?e?á′?à′Dí?à?é·3￡o1903?êè￥è?±?μ?á??§éú2?×??§è?￡????êò????óμ????§óàè?￡???1903?êμ??à1úμ?á??§éúóD?t?§??￡????êè′2?×??§è?￡?è?·??a?′?ú?·?Tò2óD?ù′?￡??éò????aD?á??§éú×a??òyμ?μ??·?Tè￥?￡°￠í￥ò??¨ò??-±?ì?è?à×á??￡
?íê?oóà′μ??à1úפ?a1?ê1ü??÷ê?￡?ò2è??a???aòy?e?°?T′óμ??￠è?ò???áòμ?2??ú?±￡?2￠?°113éá????D1úoí?à1úá?o?1??μμ?×?????ítD2?±?￡?à1úפ?￡?Yáìê???à×?÷(S.L.Gracey)ò2í′?àμ?3Dè?μ????ú???°2úéúμ????à1úè?μ?2?ó?o??D?éê???ò?1àá?μ??±?￡óDòa??μ?ê?￡?μ±??à×?÷′ò?????a·??à???ú2¨ê??ùò??ò±¨??·￠±íê±￡??aμ??à1ú1ú???oμ?×è?1?￡
?ùò?￡?μ±???|??ê±±¨?·μ?μ?á??a?????￠ê±￡?°￠í￥è????á±|￡?????′ó·ù?ˉμ?3?à′?￡′?ê±￡????|??ê±±¨?·?úá?áùíò?à￡?ê??ú?à1úóD?àμ±ó°?ìá|μ????౨???￡?a?ùò?à′￡?￡¨?à1ú￡?1ú???o?í?1í·à???á??￡×?è?￡?ê??é2??á?í?a?′??á?￡?°￠í￥μ??é·3?úoóí·?￡2?1y￡?°￠í￥μ1ò22?ê?oü?úòa￡?ó???μ??°?μ￡??°?|??￡???ê??òμ??÷3??±?￡?ò2??a?aê???ê??ù￡?2?1y￡?°￠í￥?aD??ê?|á|?§3????÷μ3￡???±?ò2óDD?3éD§??????óD?t??á￠3?μ?±¨??ê?2?′??úμ??￡ò?°￠í￥μ?D???????￡???±?ò22??á3?ì?′óμ??÷?￡
?aò??ê￡???óú3ˉò°ò???μ?á￠?üo?éù￡????t??ò?2??ü2???′?×÷3??àó|μ?±íê?￡??ì?é?ò1ú1????ó?￠?§2?êìàé′÷oè′è?￠±?2?êìàéDìêà2y?￠ot???2?§???￠éì2?óò??éüó￠·?·??°???÷?ó?÷1ú??2ì?t???￡
1aD÷èyê??t?ê￡¨1906￡???àúèy??￡??÷?úμ?′?°2?ì￡??íè?°2???2?§?￡?aê?￡??÷?ú???òó??óoü2?o?￡???μ??òóD2?1ìí??±￡????·??±??§ì?±?òμéú?￡μ??ú????μ?ò?′??Y?°?D￡??ò?êáìμ?D??ü·tê?????￡?DD?ˉà????￡è??ü?úèy??D?ê±?ú±?DD??ê?à???2??ò￡??úμ?′???μ?μ?oó￡????ù?¨á￠á?·àóù?óμ??￡óúê?￡??÷?ú±????ò1????à?′á?￡?′?è???°?2??￡′?oó￡?±?è????×o??￡?ú?òμ?í????üDy??￡?1o?òá?μ?1ú??éa1898ê?2??1èy?§ò?°ù??ê??|￡?·¨1ú???3????éúμ????ú??1üí?1yé??ì?úê??t×e￡?ò??°???ü?í?ó???í?1￡??÷óa??3¤μ?￡?òà?-??D?ìí1o?￡?í?óDèó????í￡?ò2?é?±?°???ò?úía2é1o￡?2?·óéD?à￡????y?aD??é?ˉ?±?°íùD?1o?￡1¤3ì???ü??2?á?￡??÷???÷??￡?ê￠????3μá?￡?ò?ò?2￠??êy1o???￡′?ía￡?è?D-?÷1ù3¤??±?Dè±?ò????￠?￥?±?￠óêò??￠?±?ò?￠?????￠·1oD?￠?óìo?￠ìú???￠3ú???￠°°??μèàà￡??ù×?á?1o????·￠?￡